Total Expense Drag
Management Expense Ratio (MER) plus Trading Expense Ratio (TER) represents your true annual cost drag.
Module 15 · Applied Decision Framework
ETF & Index Fund Deep-Dive
Look under the hood of pooled investments. Learn to evaluate expense ratios (MER), tracking error, asset overlap, and foreign dividend withholding taxes.
Key Metrics
Reading ETF Facts & Prospectuses like a pro.
An index fund name doesn't tell you the whole story. Inspect the top 10 holdings, sector weights, and fee structures.
Hidden Concentration
Holding multiple all-in-one ETFs can create unexpected concentration in the top mega-cap tech stocks.
Hedging & Taxes
Understand the trade-offs of CAD-hedged ETFs vs. unhedged U.S. total market exposures and withholding taxes.